PRE-EMPTIVE ANALGESIA—USE OF IMMEDIATE EARLY GENES EXPRESSION AS MARKERS OF NEURONAL STIMULATION

Regulation and function of immediate-early genes in the brain: beyond neuronal activity markers.

Long lasting forms of synaptic plasticity and long-term memory formation require new mRNA and protein synthesis. While activity-dependent expression of immediate-early genes has long been thought to account for such critical de novo macromolecular synthesis, experimental proof has been scarce until recently. During the past few decades, a growing number of genetic and molecular biological studi...

Beyond Neuronal Activity Markers: Select Immediate Early Genes in Striatal Neuron Subtypes Functionally Mediate Psychostimulant Addiction

Immediate early genes (IEGs) were traditionally used as markers of neuronal activity in striatum in response to stimuli including drugs of abuse such as psychostimulants. Early studies using these neuronal activity markers led to important insights in striatal neuron subtype responsiveness to psychostimulants. Such studies have helped identify striatum as a critical brain center for motivationa...

A PARP1-Erk2 synergism is required for stimulation-induced expression of immediate early genes

A PARP1-Erk2 synergism was required to generate synaptic long-term potentiation in the CA3-CA1 hippocampal connections. This molecular mechanism was associated with the recently identified pivotal role of polyADP-ribosylation in learning. High frequency electrical stimulation of cortical and hippocampal neurons induced binding of phosphorylated Erk2 (transported into the nucleus) to the nuclear...

Pre-emptive treatment of Cytomegalovirus

Valganciclovir is equally efficacious in preventing CMV disease when used as prophylaxis or as pre-emptive treatment (Level 2 evidence but not designed for this outcome) Pre-emptive treatment of CMV infection results in significantly less leukopenia than prophylaxis, however, there is no difference in other adverse events. Pre-emptive treatment with 1⁄2 dose ganciclovir and 1⁄2 dose foscarnet r...

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